Summary
Skills
Overview
Certification
Education
Work History
Accomplishments
Affiliations
Timeline
Financial Reports
Systems
Compliance Management Experience
STAR Behavioral History
Generic
Jenny Gray, MSA, CFE, SSBBP

Jenny Gray, MSA, CFE, SSBBP

Suffolk,VA

Summary

Dynamic and results-driven executive with a proven track record of success in leadership roles across diverse industries. Demonstrated expertise in strategic planning, financial management, and corporate governance. A visionary leader with a strong focus on innovation and driving organizational growth. Seeking to leverage experience and skills to make a meaningful contribution as a valuable member of a board of directors.

Skills

  • Enterprise Risk
  • Compliance (GAAP, FAR, SOX)
  • Root-Cause Analysis
  • Enterprise Risk Plan, Assessment, & Audit Remediation
  • Heavy Excel (Data Mining)
  • Performance Improvement (Automation)
  • Accounting Systems SME & Controls Testing
  • General Fund & Army Working Capital Fund
  • Treasury Financial Manual
  • Department of Defense Financial Regulation

Overview

24
24
years of professional experience
4
4
Certificate
1
1
year of post-secondary education

Certification

  • CFE - Certified Fraud Examiner 2018 - Current
  • Conflict Resolution - University of California, Irvine 2023
  • Six Sigma Black Belt Professional, Management and Strategy Institute - 2023
  • Continuous Improvement Professional, Management and Strategy Institute - 2023

Education

Doctoral - Leadership And Management

Capella University
Minneapolis, MN
10.2022 - Current

Master of Science - Accounting

American Military University
Charles Town, WV
05.2014

Bachelor of Science - Healthcare Administration

Virginia College - Birmingham
Birmingham, AL
05.2010

Work History

Program Cost Control Analyst III

HII
Norfolk, VA
07.2023 - Current
  • Reviews internal systems and organized training plans to address areas in need of improvement
  • Recommended 100% vendor ACH operational improvements based on tracking and analysis of AP invoice payment data
  • Recommended monthly reporting database creation operational improvements based on tracking and analysis of project management reports data
  • Completes At Risk Authorization submission to ensure adequate funding to accomplish year end operations
  • Performs monthly and quarterly Estimates at Complete (EACs).
  • Supports cash flow initiatives, reviewing, tracking and reporting invoices throughout the program
  • Monitors expenses and profit accounts
    cycle
  • Performs program closeout responsibilities
  • Sets up, prepars and follows up with all required financial reports
  • Continuous improvement and Change management training and education facilitator

Senior Risk Management Consultant

Ernst & Young
McLean, VA
07.2022 - Current
  • Developed 5 accounting system data reconciliation SOP's for Army Security Accounts
  • Presented recommendations to Army client on financial objectives and policies
  • Manage Army accounting staff and oversaw accounting operations including financial reporting, AR and AP, and adjusted journal entries
  • Identify scope and purpose of audit by creating project plan and acquiring approval of client
  • Created and maintain documented systems of accounting policies, and procedures to minimize risk
  • Determine documentation needed and best avenue to retrieve it such as Memo of Understanding, SOC 1, SOP, process maps, supporting documentation
  • Develop and manage accounting processes, tools, and reporting for financial performance metrics
  • Ensure team understands client's financial workflow and controls then conducts and presents risk assessment over financial business processes to identify risk impact and probability in accordance with A-123
  • Test controls and processes and verify documentation to analyzed problematic areas with high risk to provide recommendations and solutions to reduce material weakness $30B
  • Clearly communicate results and work with client to reduce gaps by creating controls, monitoring, research, and resolution process guide
  • Ensure GAAP is followed by testing: financial transactions and statements are complete, have disclosed all material facts, are organized and relevant to the current accounting period, valuation will not disrupt operations, proper documentation free from assumptions and payment, usage of consistent procedures and standards, objectivity on a regular basis
  • West Coast Market Scout Lead and State Account Connector for CA, AZ, HI, CO to built brand awareness in state, local, and education market and increased penetration with proactive strategies
  • Supervised Market Scouts' performance to attain target metrics

Budget Analyst

Department Of Defense Inspector General
Leesburg, VA
02.2022 - 07.2022
  • Produce periodic financial reports ensuring compliance with accounting principles, governmental standards, and regulations. to analyze complex Army accounting problems and generate targeted solutions that resolved outstanding issues while enhancing Army financial reporting positions
  • Engaged in complex accounting data analytics, quality assurance and accounting database management to quantify and substantiate observations and lend credence to proposed operational enhancements in financial reporting
  • Fostered productive business partnerships with team members and Army representatives to benefit personal understanding of risk factors and strengthen influence through positive reputation
  • Consulted with Army clients and served as project manager responsible for over $17.1M of fiscal budget for all assignment components. Assisted Accounting Staff with daily duties, presented recommendations to management on financial objectives and policies
  • Ensure GAAP was followed by testing: financial transactions and statements are complete, have disclosed all material facts, are organized and relevant to current accounting period, valuation will not disrupt operations, proper documentation free from assumptions and payment, usage of consistent procedures and standards, objectivity on regular basis
  • Generated annual budget forecasting information for executive and corporate reports
  • Monitored and reported budgetary discrepancies to corporate senior management to maximize reporting efficiency and finalized spending plans
  • Compiled statistical data after each month-end closing
  • Evaluated procurement needs and projected expenditures
  • Audited, balanced and reconciled payroll for more than 100 personnel
  • Implemented budgetary monitoring techniques to improve corporate spending habits
  • Created and updated expenditure (Spend Plan) reporting tools for financial performance metrics
  • Monitored contracts and analyzed expenses to facilitate financial objectives and deter fraudulent activity

Supervisory Managerial Accountant

HQDA (Pentagon)
Washington, DC
12.2020 - 01.2022
  • Manage financial elements of the Army's ERP systems supporting contracts. Reviewed documents and accounts for discrepancies and resolved variances with estimated value of $2M
  • Investigated accounting activities to enforce laws and regulations, assessing legality of transactions and operations or financial solvency
  • Ensure GAAP is followed by testing: financial transactions and statements are complete, have disclosed all material facts, are organized and relevant to current accounting period, valuation will not disrupt operations, proper documentation free from assumptions and payment, usage of consistent procedures and standards, objectivity on regular basis
  • Managed accounting (PEO) Primary Executive Offices and oversaw accounting functions including financial reporting, billing, labor and ODC, at risk authorizations, and adjusted journal entries
  • Performed reviews of reimbursable policies and procedures to evaluate compliance with regulatory requirements and standards
  • Supervised team of 4 Managerial Accountants, and monitored financial transactions of 4 Primary Executive Offices
  • Developed, initiated, maintained, and revised policies and procedures for general operation of Compliance Program and its related activities to prevent illegal, unethical, or improper payment or conduct
  • Collaborated with other departments (e.g., Risk Management, Internal Audit, etc.) to direct compliance issues to appropriate existing channels for investigation and resolution
  • Ensured proper reporting of violations or potential violations to duly authorized enforcement agencies as appropriate and/or required
  • Identified potential areas of compliance vulnerability and risk; developed/implemented corrective action plans for resolution of problematic issues, and provided general guidance on how to avoid or deal with similar situations in future
  • Provided reports on regular basis, and as directed or requested, to keep Director of Finance informed of operation and progress of compliance efforts
  • Monitored, and coordinated compliance activities of other departments to remain abreast of status of all compliance activities and to identify trends

Operations Business Insights Manager

Walmart
Bentonville, AR
09.2015 - 04.2020
  • Ensure proactive approach is taken to identify and report all significant compliance breaches or gaps; work with legal and business management to design and implement changes to business policies and procedures as appropriate
  • Created detailed reports on engineering activities and findings and presented to C-Suite decision makers
  • Saved company $400K annually through effective cost analysis, and successful internal and external fraud investigations
  • Developed SOP's for new programs. Reduced third-party call center annual costs of $19,000,000 by improving processes
  • Trained large groups and drove multiple sized projects to accomplish business metrics, pivot data analysis to increase operational efficacy 30% by providing executive leadership with data analysis backing best solution
  • Reduced fraud and wasted value over $3M by developing Teradata SQL data sets, IT tools, and controls used to identify risks including Tableau, Power BI, Remedy, and Oracle
  • Increased productivity by 40% through retention, coaching, and training new hires
  • Diminished process gaps and encouraged optimal productivity by closely supervising workflow of claims analysts and mail clerks
  • Developed and maintained relationships with suppliers and team of Data Scientists to research and evaluate new technologies, concepts, and cost resulting in saving the company over $1,400,000 annually through effective program development, cost and procurement analysis
  • Excel pivot data analysis to increase operational efficiency 30% by providing executive leadership with data analysis backing best solutions. Computer forensics, audio forensics, video forensics, image, and network forensics performed. Provide line managers with objectively based information for making decisions on administrative and programmatic aspects of agency operations and management. Led all assignments with four principles of forensics which are to reconstruct (if necessary), recover, record, preserve, and control. Ensured computers containing evidence were secured and data was safe
  • Applied consumer protection laws like FTCA, Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), Federal Food and Drug Act (FFDA), confidentiality and privacy laws also while analyzing digital evidence. Collaborated with software engineers, data scientists, cybersecurity experts, and C Suite professionals to build computer software and applications needed to support investigative actions
  • Identified innovative approaches and processes to solve unprecedented rise in fraudulent activity in locations across United States identifying fraud rings and scam alerts, and training Fraud Investigators across United States, corporate Call Center Representatives sitting in Bentonville Arkansas, and briefing C Suite staff

Program Manager

Manufacturing Engineering Services
Rockville, MD
05.2014 - 09.2015
  • Fiduciary responsibility for Veteran Affairs 2014 annual education budget of over S9M
  • Responsible for direct oversight of all VA education operations, program integrity, property and equipment valued in over $1M
  • Developed practice test activities and workshops to support new students, students on academic warning and honors students
  • Collaborated with community businesses and schools to conducted career events, workshops, and educational presentations for enrichment opportunities for soldier students
  • Liaised with various departments: Veteran Affairs, Suicide Prevention, Wounded Warrior, Red Cross, Sexual Harassment and academic affairs to strategically inform veteran students of updates and resources .Liaised with clients to identify and target inefficiencies in areas of risks and business controls, process gaps and workflow discrepancies
  • Interacted with customers and clients to identify business needs and requirements
  • Addressed and resolved technical, financial, and operational concerns by working with team members and directors

Financial Analyst/Contract Specialist

Department Of The Army
Jackson, MS
04.2004 - 04.2014
  • Saved over $7M in erroneous payment by focused audit, closing gaps, and improving processes, prevent benefits and compensation fraud and abuse
  • Trained and managed team of 15 Coders, 4 Customer Service Army soldiers on DFAS, OPSEC, OBM, GAS, FAR, CAS, and Treasury regulations and policies
  • Manage accounting staff and oversee accounting functions including financial reporting, compensation and benefits, at risk transactions, and reversal journal entries
  • Trained newly hired coders (21) and customer service employees (5) on company processes, procedures and deadlines
  • Briefed demobilizing and mobilizing brigades on Financial operations throughout fiscal year
  • Provided recommendations for operational process efficiency to departments: Security, RAPIDS, Personnel, DEERS, TRICARE, Financial, and other program managers on data management, information systems, and customer service
  • Identified risks associated with projects, contract approvals and soldier accounting issues
  • Monitored compliance with government generally accepted accounting principles and company procedures by testing: financial transactions and statements are complete, have disclosed all material facts, are organized and relevant to current accounting period, valuation will not disrupt operations, proper documentation free from assumptions and payment, usage of consistent procedures and standards, objectivity on regular basis
  • Performed internal audits of financial and departmental operations, developing risk assessments and conducting process walk through for compliance with documented processes

Certified Clinical Medical Assistant

University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, Mississippi
04.2000 - 04.2010
  • Ensure accurate and timely billing and coding procedures, adhering to industry standards and guidelines
  • Maintain meticulous financial records, including patient accounts, invoices, and payments, to support transparent and compliant financial operations
  • Verify patient insurance information, facilitating smooth processing of claims and minimizing financial discrepancies
  • Stay updated on healthcare regulations, policies, and compliance requirements, ensuring the medical facility operates within legal and ethical boundaries
  • Collaborate with auditors to provide necessary financial documentation and assist in audits related to billing, coding, and financial practices
  • Offer support to patients regarding financial aspects of their healthcare, explaining billing procedures, payment plans, and addressing inquiries
  • Contribute to the monitoring and tracking of the department's budget, providing insights into financial performance and identifying areas for improvement
  • Assist in preparing and submitting accurate expense reports, maintaining transparency in financial transactions within the clinical setting
  • Manage financial transactions with vendors, ensuring timely payments and adherence to contractual agreement
  • Foster effective communication and collaboration between the front office (patient-facing) and back office (administrative and clinical) to streamline financial processes and enhance overall efficiency

Accomplishments

  • Wrote the Army DTS to GFEBS Deskguide (EY 2023)
  • Wrote the Army CEFMS to DDRS-B Deskguide (EY 2022)
  • Wrote the Army GFEBS to DDRS-B Deskguide (EY 2022)
  • Wrote Army End to End Business Events SOP (EY 2023)
  • Created Army Financial Reporting Control Matrix (EY 2023)
  • Select for Audit Acceleration Team Special Project (EY 2023)
  • Wrote the Walmart No Receipt Return Deskguide (2018)
  • Wrote the Sales Order Error Resolution Deskguide (2021)
  • Ernst and Young Audit Support Award $500 (2023)
  • Ernst and Young Gratitude Award (3) $1000 (2022 and 2023)
  • Ernst and Young DEI Badge (2022)
  • Making a Difference Award $5000 (WM Home Office 2010)
  • DoD Inspector General Accounting Operations and Finance Team of the Quarter (2022)
  • Selected for Continuous Improvement and Change Managment Special Projects Team (HII 2023)

Affiliations

  • United States Army Veteran (War Campaign Badge)
  • Forever Homes for Foster Kids (Lead Policy Researcher)
  • ACFE Editorial Advisory Committee (Fraud Magazine)
  • Pearson Geometry and Trigonometry Scorer

Timeline

Program Cost Control Analyst III

HII
07.2023 - Current

Doctoral - Leadership And Management

Capella University
10.2022 - Current

Senior Risk Management Consultant

Ernst & Young
07.2022 - Current

Budget Analyst

Department Of Defense Inspector General
02.2022 - 07.2022

Supervisory Managerial Accountant

HQDA (Pentagon)
12.2020 - 01.2022

Operations Business Insights Manager

Walmart
09.2015 - 04.2020

Program Manager

Manufacturing Engineering Services
05.2014 - 09.2015

Financial Analyst/Contract Specialist

Department Of The Army
04.2004 - 04.2014

Certified Clinical Medical Assistant

University of Mississippi Medical Center
04.2000 - 04.2010

Master of Science - Accounting

American Military University

Bachelor of Science - Healthcare Administration

Virginia College - Birmingham

Financial Reports

  • Forecasted Budget
  • COED Spend Plans
  • Expense Reports
  • Funds Available for Distribution (FAD)
  • Fund Program Army
  • Quantitative and Qualitative Cost Analysis
  • Contracts Bill Register
  • Year End Close Financial Transactions Report
  • Month End Close Financial Transactions
  • Annual and Quarterly Joint Review of Dormant Accounts

Systems

  • Excel
  • Access
  • Project
  • Power Point
  • Power BI
  • Tableau
  • INKIRU
  • SQL Teradata
  • Word
  • TEAMS and ZOOM
  • Headquarters Accounting and Reporting System
  • General Fund Enterprise Business System
  • Automatic Disbursing System
  • Central Accounting Reporting System
  • Interagency Payment and Collections System
  • Disbursing Cash Accounting System
  • Defense Civilian Pay System
  • Automated Time Attendance and Production System
  • Defense Accounting Initiative
  • Dept. Defense Reporting System-Budgetary
  • ADVANA
  • Army Fund Balance with Treasury Tool
  • Army Financial Audit Collaboration Tool
  • Wide Area Workflow
  • Logistics Modernization Program
  • Corporate Electronic Document Management System
  • DELTEK
  • COSTPOINT
  • Maximo

Compliance Management Experience

2023 (HII) Huntington Ingalls – Program Cost Controller III

  • Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) and its guidelines
  • The (Navy) Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) which governs all acquisitions and contracting procedures in the US federal government, and the specific regulations related to cost control within the DoD.
  • Adhering to specific government accounting standards, such as GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board) regulations. Ensuring accurate and transparent reporting of financial information in accordance with government guidelines.
  • Financial Accounting Regulations for Army following industry-specific financial accounting regulations relevant to arming, which may include sector-specific reporting requirements. Applying appropriate revenue recognition methods and expense categorization in line with industry standards.
  • Contract Acquisition Standards for Arming complying with contract accounting standards, including recognition of revenue and expenses associated with contracts over time or upon completion, as per contractual terms. Ensuring proper documentation and disclosure of contract-related financial information.
  • Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) for Army adhering to GAAP, the universally recognized accounting principles, to maintain consistency and comparability in financial reporting. Implementing relevant accounting policies and practices consistent with GAAP requirements applicable to the arming industry.

2022-2023 Ernst & Young – Senior Government Risk Consultant

  • Financial reporting U.S. Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR), Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA), and Government Accountability Office (GAO) standards, Treasury Department regulations.
  • Compensation and benefits reporting: Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) regulations and other guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
  • Payroll and labor DoD Financial Management Regulation (FMR) and other guidelines specific to the U.S. Army.
  • Adhering to specific government accounting standards, such as GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board) regulations. Ensuring accurate and transparent reporting of financial information in accordance with government guidelines.
  • Following industry-specific financial accounting regulations FAR relevant to arming, which may include sector-specific reporting requirements. Applying appropriate revenue recognition methods and expense categorization in line with industry standards.
  • Complying with contract accounting standards CAS , including recognition of revenue and expenses associated with contracts over time or upon completion, as per contractual terms. Ensuring proper documentation and disclosure of contract-related financial information.
  • Adhering to GAAP and SOX, the universally recognized accounting principles, to maintain consistency and comparability in financial reporting. Implementing relevant accounting policies and practices consistent with GAAP requirements applicable to the arming industry.

2022-2022 DoD Inspector General – Budget Analyst

  • Financial reporting: U.S. Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR), Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA), and Government Accountability Office (GAO) standards.
  • Compensation and benefits reporting: Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) regulations and other guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
  • Payroll and labor: DoD Financial Management Regulation (FMR) and other guidelines specific to the U.S. Army.

2020-2022 (HQDA) Department of the Army – Managerial Accountant Supervisor

  • Financial reporting: U.S. Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR), Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA), and Government Accountability Office (GAO) standards.
  • Compensation and benefits reporting: Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) regulations and other guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
  • Payroll and labor: DoD Financial Management Regulation (FMR) and other guidelines specific to the U.S. Army.
  • Adhering to specific government accounting standards, such as GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board) regulations. Ensuring accurate and transparent reporting of financial information in accordance with government guidelines.
  • Following industry-specific financial accounting regulations FAR relevant to arming, which may include sector-specific reporting requirements. Applying appropriate revenue recognition methods and expense categorization in line with industry standards.
  • Complying with contract accounting standards CAS , including recognition of revenue and expenses associated with contracts over time or upon completion, as per contractual terms. Ensuring proper documentation and disclosure of contract-related financial information.
  • Adhering to GAAP and SOX, the universally recognized accounting principles, to maintain consistency and comparability in financial reporting. Implementing relevant accounting policies and practices consistent with GAAP requirements applicable to the arming industry.

2015-2020 Walmart Corporate Office – Business Operations Manager

  • Customer services and checkouts: Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), Consumer Financial Protection Act (CFPA), Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), and other consumer protection regulations.
  • Financial services: Regulations from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

2013-2015 Manufacturing Engineering Services – Program Manager

  • Occupational safety: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations.
  • Environmental regulations: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards and other relevant environmental laws.
  • Veteran Affairs Education Benefits: Regulations set by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for education benefits and programs.

2004-2014 Department of the Army - Financial Analyst and Contract Specialist

  • Financial reporting: U.S. Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation (DoD FMR), Federal Financial Management Improvement Act (FFMIA), and Government Accountability Office (GAO) standards.
  • Compensation and benefits reporting: Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) regulations and other guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
  • Payroll and labor: DoD Financial Management Regulation (FMR) and other guidelines specific to the U.S. Army.
  • Adhering to specific government accounting standards, such as GASB (Governmental Accounting Standards Board) regulations. Ensuring accurate and transparent reporting of financial information in accordance with government guidelines.
  • Following industry-specific financial accounting regulations FAR relevant to arming, which may include sector-specific reporting requirements. Applying appropriate revenue recognition methods and expense categorization in line with industry standards.
  • Complying with contract accounting standards CAS , including recognition of revenue and expenses associated with contracts over time or upon completion, as per contractual terms. Ensuring proper documentation and disclosure of contract-related financial information.
  • Adhering to GAAP and SOX, the universally recognized accounting principles, to maintain consistency and comparability in financial reporting. Implementing relevant accounting policies and practices consistent with GAAP requirements applicable to the arming industry.

2000-2010 University of Mississippi Medical Center – Certified Clinical Medical Assistant

  • Healthcare services: Regulations from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and other guidelines from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
  • Medical research: Regulations from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical trials and research studies.

STAR Behavioral History

  • STAR #1

Situation: The Accounts Payable process resulted in delinquent payments regularly

Task Identified: Needed to eliminate vendor delinquent payments and fees incurred

Actions: Taken: Worked with AP to understand processes, bottlenecks, and gaps

Result: Recommended 100% vendor ACH payments which is being tested to go live

  • STAR #2

Situation: Government agency received unfavorable audit opinion due to lack of controls

Task Identified: Needed to understand the regulation environment and cause of lack of controls

Actions Taken: Worked with Army Accounting department to map processes and procedures

Result: Situation resulted from lack of documentation; created 5 desktop guides to remedy

  • STAR #3

Situation: Government agency received unfavorable audit opinion due to lack of controls

Task Identified: Needed to understand the regulation environment and cause of lack of controls

Actions Taken: Worked with DFAS to map processes and procedures to regulations

Result: Created control matrix aligning DFAS policies to Treasury regulations

  • START #4

Situation: Government agency experienced unusual errors in coding department

Task Identified: Need to understand the root cause of errors to resolve accounting inaccuracy

Action Taken: Evaluated coding process begin to end, and interviewed staff to determine errors resulted from manual form completion leading to illegible transcribing

Result: Created policy that required customer service department to refrain from manual transcript by processing customer intake from electronically only which reduced errors by 70%

  • START #5

Situation: (PEO) Primary Executive Offices experienced record number of errors in Payroll

Task Identified: Needed to understand the root cause of errors to resolve financial reporting issue

Action Taken: Meet with SME personnel in accounting department to understand process and common denominator surrounding coding which allowed me to assign errors to omission of calendar events recognition like system updates

Result: Created policy that required accounting department to monitor, recognize, and sign off on calendar/system updates before processing transactions which reduced errors of the like by 68%

  • START #6

Situation: DoD group experiencing severely increasing number of unmatched financial transactions

Task Identified: Needed to understand the root cause to stop the occurrence of error events

Action Taken: Worked with accountant to understand the process and audited process for compliance which revealed lack of expense reporting internal controls

Result: Created policy that required disbursing analysts to ensure expense item was properly recorded before processing disbursement request, and accountant required to sign off on input of expense when request is made which reduced errors by 43%

Jenny Gray, MSA, CFE, SSBBP